Varanasi is an ancient city in India that has been continuously inhabited for a very long time. It was one of the earliest major urban settlements in the middle Ganges valley. By the 2nd millennium BCE, it had become a hub for Vedic religion, philosophy, and also a bustling center for trade and industry, known for its fine fabrics, perfumes, ivory works, and sculptures. Around the 6th century BCE, during the time of Buddha, Varanasi was the capital of the kingdom of Kashi, and it is said that Buddha delivered his first sermon nearby at Sarnath. Over the centuries, Varanasi continued to thrive as a significant center for religious, educational, and artistic activities. Chinese Buddhist pilgrim Xuanzang, who visited around 635 CE, described the city as stretching about 3 miles along the western bank of the Ganges River.
Varanasi, also known as Banaras or Kashi, is a historic city in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It holds immense cultural, religious, and spiritual significance and is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. Here are some key aspects about Varanasi:
Spiritual Hub: Varanasi is a major pilgrimage site for Hindus. The city is situated on the banks of the Ganges River, and it is believed that bathing in the sacred river here can cleanse one's sins.
Ghats: The city is renowned for its ghats, which are series of steps leading down to the Ganges. These ghats are used for various religious ceremonies, including rituals, bathing, and cremation.
Temples: Varanasi is home to numerous temples, including the Kashi Vishwanath Temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, which is one of the most important Hindu temples in the country.
Cultural Hub:The city has been a center for music, arts, and education. It is known for its classical music, dance, and vibrant festivals.
Historical Significance: Varanasi has a rich history dating back thousands of years. It has witnessed the rise and fall of various empires and played a crucial role in the development of Hinduism.
Silk Weaving The city is famous for its silk weaving industry. Banarasi sarees, known for their intricate design and craftsmanship, are highly sought after.
Tourist Attraction: Varanasi attracts a large number of tourists from around the world who come to experience its unique blend of spirituality, history, and culture.
Varanasi's charm lies in its age-old traditions, spiritual ambiance, and the seamless integration of modern life with ancient practices. It remains a captivating destination for those seeking a deeper understanding of India's cultural and religious heritage.
Varanasi is in Uttar Pradesh, about 300 kilometers southeast of the capital Lucknow. The city has an airport with direct flights from major cities like Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Lucknow, and Khajuraho. Many people prefer traveling to Varanasi by train, taking around eight hours from Kolkata, 10 to 12 hours from Delhi, and approximately 30 hours from Mumbai. Most trains operate overnight. Varanasi has three main railway stations: Varanasi Junction or Varanasi Cantt (code: BSB), Manduadih (MUV) within the city, and Deen Dayal Upadhyaya/Mughal Sarai Junction (MGS), which is about 20 kilometers away. If trains to Varanasi Junction are fully booked, you might consider Manduadih or Mughal Sarai as alternatives. While bus services to Varanasi exist, they are usually slow and uncomfortable. It's generally advised to avoid them unless you're on a very tight budget.
Many people choose to travel to Darbhanga by train. It takes a minimum of eight hours from Kolkata, 12 to 16 hours from Delhi, and around 30 hours from Mumbai. Most trains run overnight. The main railway station in Darbhanga is called Darbhanga Junction (the code is DBG). However, there are two other railway stations in the vicinity of the city -- Laheriasarai(the code is LSI) and Thalwara (TLWA).
Bus services to Darbhanga tend to be very fast and comfortable, and are generally advicable unless you're on a super strict Time.
Best Place to See Ganga Aarti is Dasaswamedh Ghat is the perfect spot to witness the Ganga Aarti, a spiritual ceremony held every evening at sunset. You have two options to enjoy the Aarti: sit on the steps of the Ghats or on a boat. I recommend sitting on a boat for a front-row view of the Aarti, surrounded by the calming evening breeze from the sacred Ganges River. The Aarti lasts for about 45 minutes to an hour, conducted by 7 priests representing the days of the week under 9 umbrellas symbolizing the planets.
Kashi Vishwanath Temple is a sacred Hindu temple in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, dedicated to Lord Shiva. It holds significant religious importance as one of the twelve Jyotirlinga shrines. The main deity is known as Vishwanath or Vishweshwara, meaning Lord of the Universe. Over the years, the temple faced demolitions, notably by Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, who replaced it with the Gyanvapi Mosque. The present structure, built by Maratha ruler Ahilyabai Holkar in 1780, stands on a nearby site. Since 1983, the temple has been managed by a government-appointed board of trustees. In January 2023, a record 3.35 lakh pilgrims visited, with an average daily footfall of over 45,000. The temple, under the Kashi Vishwanath Temple Trust, reported that 10 crore tourists have visited since the inauguration of the corridor in December 2021. The estimated total assets of the temple exceed ₹6 crores.
The Sankat Mochan Hanuman Temple in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, was founded in the 16th century by the renowned poet Tulsidas, and it was later renovated in 1982. The name "Sankat Mochan" translates to the one who removes troubles and sorrows, making it a spiritually powerful place. Every Tuesday and Saturday, people come together for prayers to Lord Hanuman, seeking relief from difficulties. According to Vedic astrology, individuals with unfavorable Saturn placement in their horoscope often visit this temple for astrological remedies. Some believe that worshiping Lord Hanuman can help protect against the negative effects of Mars and Saturn. Annually, in April, the Sankat Mochan Music Festival has been organized for 88 years. This event, known as "Sangeet Samaroh," features music and dance performances, adding a festive touch to the spiritual atmosphere of the temple.
The ghats in Varanasi have been important for spiritual and various purposes. One notable ghat is Dashashwamedh Ghat, among the oldest and most famous. It sits by the impressive Vishwanath Temple, drawing both devotees and tourists.
There are two myths about its name. One suggests Lord Brahma created it for Lord Shiva's welcome, and the other claims Lord Brahma performed a ritual (Ashwamedha Yajna) sacrificing ten horses here. Historical records attribute the ghat's construction to Bajirao Peshwa I in 1740, later reconstructed by Queen Ahilyabai Holkar of Indore in 1774.
Dashashwamedh Ghat is a significant religious site, known for its evening aarti, a spiritual ceremony attended by locals and international tourists, adding to its religious and cultural importance.
During the aarti ceremony, priests in saffron robes lead the ritual. It begins with the blowing of a conch shell, followed by the lighting of incense sticks waved in specific patterns. Large brass lamps are then lit and circled gracefully. Throughout, the air is filled with rhythmic chanting of mantras. This visually stunning and well-coordinated ceremony captivates large crowds, making it a beautiful and popular event.
Bharat Mata Mandir in Varanasi stands as a distinctive tribute to the concept of Mother India. Constructed in 1936 by Babu Shiv Prasad Gupta, the temple deviates from the traditional by not worshiping a specific deity but encapsulating the collective spirit and identity of the nation. The temple's focal point is a meticulously carved marble relief map of India, illustrating its diverse geographical and cultural landscape. Surrounding this map, various deities, leaders, and historical figures are honored, showcasing the significant contributors to India's rich heritage.
Beyond its architectural uniqueness, Bharat Mata Mandir serves as a beacon of patriotism. It fosters a profound sense of unity and national pride, transcending religious boundaries. The temple becomes a space where visitors express their love and respect for the country, reflecting on its history and values.
The concept of Bharat Mata Mandir encourages a collective identity, emphasizing the cultural amalgamation that defines India. It offers a unique perspective, where devotion is directed towards the nation as a nurturing mother rather than a specific god. This unconventional approach resonates with people from various backgrounds, reinforcing the idea of unity in diversity.
In essence, Bharat Mata Mandir stands not just as a physical structure but as a symbol of India's profound connection with its people. It is a testament to the enduring spirit of the nation, where cultural richness and patriotic fervor converge in a celebration of collective identity and heritage.
Ramnagar Fort in Varanasi is a historic and impressive structure located on the eastern bank of the Ganges River. Built in the 18th century by Maharaja Balwant Singh, it served as the residence of the Maharaja of Varanasi. The fort displays a mix of Mughal and Indian styles of architecture, making it visually captivating.
The fort encompasses a museum that houses an eclectic collection of vintage cars, royal costumes, weaponry, and artifacts, providing a glimpse into the region's rich cultural and historical heritage. The museum offers a fascinating journey through the royal history of Varanasi.
One of the notable attractions is the Durga Temple within the fort premises. This temple is dedicated to the Hindu goddess Durga and attracts devotees and visitors alike with its intricate carvings and spiritual ambiance.
The fort is known for hosting the grand celebration of the traditional Ramlila during the festival of Dussehra. The Ramlila is a vibrant and theatrical reenactment of the Hindu epic Ramayana, drawing crowds from far and wide.
Ramnagar Fort stands as a testament to the royal legacy of Varanasi and provides a unique opportunity for visitors to explore the cultural richness of the region. The fort, with its historical significance and architectural charm, offers a captivating experience for those interested in the heritage and traditions of Varanasi.
The New Vishwanath Temple, also known as the Birla Temple, in Varanasi is a modern and splendid place of worship. This temple is not as ancient as some others in Varanasi but holds significant religious and architectural importance.
Built by the Birla family, a prominent industrialist family in India, this temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva, the presiding deity of Varanasi. It's situated in the campus of Banaras Hindu University (BHU) and is known for its intricate marble work and delicate carvings. The temple's architecture combines traditional design with modern elements.
Devotees and tourists visit the New Vishwanath Temple to experience a serene and spiritually uplifting atmosphere. The temple complex also includes other shrines dedicated to various deities, contributing to the overall religious ambiance.
Unlike the historic Kashi Vishwanath Temple, the New Vishwanath Temple doesn't have the same age-old traditions but reflects a blend of modern craftsmanship and devotion. The temple's peaceful surroundings and architectural beauty make it a popular destination for those seeking a tranquil and sacred environment.
Visitors to the New Vishwanath Temple not only appreciate its religious significance but also admire the artistry and craftsmanship that went into creating this modern marvel. It stands as a testament to the ongoing traditions of worship in Varanasi, embracing both the ancient and contemporary aspects of spirituality.
Varanasi Galis are not just ordinary streets; they are a labyrinth of culture, spirituality, and everyday life. Walking through these lanes, you'll encounter a diverse array of sights, sounds, and smells. From the lively markets selling traditional silk sarees, handicrafts, and religious artifacts to the aromatic street food stalls offering local delicacies, the Varanasi Galis engage all your senses.
One of the most famous and vibrant galli is Vishwanath Gali, leading to the revered Kashi Vishwanath Temple. This lane is filled with small shops, street vendors, and devotees, creating a lively atmosphere. The Kachori Gali is another popular spot, known for its delicious kachoris, a local snack.
The galis are not only about commerce; they also showcase the spiritual side of Varanasi. Many lead to the ghats along the Ganges River, where people gather for rituals, ceremonies, and boat rides.
Exploring Varanasi Galis is like stepping into a living tapestry of tradition and modernity. The mix of ancient architecture, colorful markets, and the constant hum of daily life makes these narrow lanes an integral part of Varanasi's charm, offering an authentic and enriching experience for anyone wandering through its timeless streets.
If you're looking for a change from Indian cuisine in Varanasi, Assi Ghat offers some alternatives. Pizzeria Vaatika Cafe and Aum Cafe are popular spots. Open Hand Cafe and Shop not only serves great coffee and light meals but also sells quality ethically-made products.
For simple and tasty Indian food, head to Dosa Cafe or Niyati Cafe behind Man Mandir Ghat. Blue Lassi, in business since 1925 near Manikarnika Ghat, is famous for its delicious fruit-flavored lassi yoghurt drinks, considered by some as the best in India.
However, it's recommended to avoid street food in Varanasi due to varying hygiene standards. As Varanasi is a sacred city, alcohol isn't allowed around the ghats and temples. Although some rooftop restaurants discreetly serve beer to tourists, bars are typically found in mid-range and luxury hotels away from the ghats.
For the best experience, choose a hotel facing the Ganges River in Varanasi. Watching the activities along the ghats from your hotel can be fascinating. Keep in mind that many of these hotels are reachable only by walking, so consider this if you have heavy luggage.
Varanasi can be tricky for new travelers. Watch out for scams, like being asked to donate money for wood at Manikarnika Ghat – you might end up paying a lot more than it's worth. Politely decline if you're uncomfortable or don't have the cash.
While Varanasi has improved, it's still quite dirty and polluted. Many tourists find it overwhelming, both intriguing and off-putting. Be prepared for intense sensations. Avoid swimming in the Ganges due to pollution and stay dry during boat rides.
When taking photos, be discreet and respect people's rituals. Avoid capturing images at the cremation ghats. Overall, Varanasi is a unique but challenging destination, so stay vigilant and embrace the experience cautiously.
Varanasi has a big transportation center, and it's easy to get to and from the city. You can reach Varanasi by train, with railway connections to almost every part of India. The city also has an airport connecting to major cities. Varanasi is well-connected by road through national and state highways, making travel convenient. For local travel within the city, there are buses and auto-rickshaws available. Buses also connect Varanasi to other cities in India and different parts of UP.
Varanasi has a warm and humid climate. The hottest months are from April to June. The best time to visit is from October to March when the weather is pleasant and cool.
In Varanasi, you can enjoy a variety of tasty local dishes like Kachori Sabji, Aloo Kachori, Chena Dahi Vada, Choora Matar, Laaiya Channa, Dahi Chutney Golgappe, and Tamatar Chaat. The city's food scene has a lot to offer, with delicious flavors waiting to be savored.
Ans. 2-3 days are ideal for exploring Varanasi but it depends on your itinerary and planning.
Ans. ₹5,000 – ₹6,000 per head would be sufficient to explore Varanasi for 2-3 days.